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Dr. Greg Herring

Research Physicist
Phone:  757-864-4604

Email:  gregory.c.herring@nasa.gov
Education:
  • Ph.D. Physics, Colorado State University (1987)
Research Activities:
Rayleigh Scattering:
Application of various non-linear spectroscopic techniques for the measurement of off-body flow field parameters in wind tunnels. Examples of techniques are :
  • Raman Doppler Velocimetry (RDV)
  • Laser-induced thermal acoustics (LITA)
  • Stimulated (and spontaneous) Rayleigh scattering
  • Plasma diagnostics

Velocity, temperature, and pressure are typical flow parameters that can be measured non-invasively and remotely with these optical techniques.
PUBLICATIONS:

Refereed Journals:

  1. G. C. Herring, W. M. Fairbank, Jr., and C. Y. She, "Observation and Measurement of Molecular Flow Using Stimulated Raman Gain Spectroscopy," IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 17, 1975-1977 (1981).
  2. G. C. Herring, S. A. Lee, and C. Y. She, "Measurements of a Supersonic Velocity in a Nitrogen Flow Using Inverse Raman Spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 8, 214-217 (1983).
  3. C. Y. She, G. C. Herring, H. Moosmüller, and S. A. Lee, "Stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin Gain Spectroscopy in Pure Gases," Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1648-1651 (1983).
  4. G. C. Herring, H. Moosmüller, S. A. Lee, and C. Y. She, "Flow Velocity Measurements with Stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin Gain Spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 8, 602-605 (1983).
  5. H. Moosmüller, G. C. Herring, and C. Y. She, "Two-Component Velocity Measurement in a Supersonic Jet with Spatially Resolved Inverse Raman Spectroscopy," Opt. Lett. 9, 536-538 (1984).
  6. C. Y. She, G. C. Herring, H. Moosmüller, and S. A. Lee, "Stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin Spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. A 31, 3733-3740 (1985).
  7. G. C. Herring, M. J. Dyer, and W. K. Bischel, "Temperature and Density Dependence of the Linewidths and Line Shifts of the Rotational Raman Lines in N2 and H2," Phys. Rev. A 34, 1944-1951 (1986).
  8. G. C. Herring, M. J. Dyer, and W. K. Bischel, "Temperature and Wavelength Dependence of the Rotational Raman Gain Coefficient in N2," Opt. Lett. 11, 348-350 (1986).
  9. G. C. Herring and W. K. Bischel, "Model of the Rotational Raman Gain Coefficients for N2 in the Atmosphere," Appl. Opt. 26, 2988-2994 (1987).
  10. C. Y. She, H. Moosmüller, and G. C. Herring, "Coherent Light Scattering for Supersonic Flow Measurements," Appl. Phys. B 46, 283-297 (1988).
  11. G. C. Herring, M. J. Dyer, L. E. Jusinski, and W. K. Bischel, "Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Atomic Fluorine at 170 nm," Opt. Lett. 13, 360-36 (1988).
  12. G. C. Herring and M. E. Hillard, Jr., "Noise Amplitude Measurements of Single-Mode Lasers at Radio Frequencies," IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 28, 570-572 (1992).
  13. G. C. Herring and B. W. South, "Pressure Broadening of Vibrational Raman Lines in N2 at Temperatures Below 300 K," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 52, 835-840 (1994).
  14. G. C. Herring and M. E. Hillard, Jr., "Effect of Crossed Beams on Stokes Gain and Interaction Length in Stimulated Raman Gain Spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 34, 6837-6841 (1995).
  15. G. C. Herring, W. L. Roberts, M. S. Brown, and P. A. DeBarber, "Temperature Measurement by Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing with Strong Absorption of the Excitation Beams," Appl. Opt. 35, 6544-6547 (1996).
  16. G. C. Herring and M. E. Hillard, Jr., "Stark Broadening Using Crossed Gaussian Beams in Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy," J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 57, 739-744 (1997).
  17. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring, "Observation of H2O in a Flame by the Two-Color Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy," Meas. Sci. Technol., 8, 917-920 (1997).
  18. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring, "Nonresonant Referenced Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics Thermometry in Air," Appl. Opt. 38, 577-584 (1999).
  19. R. J. Balla and G. C. Herring, "Raman Shifting a Tunable ArF Laser to Wavelengths of 190-240 nm," Rev. Sci. Instru. 71, 2246 (2000).
  20. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring, "Optical Measurement of the Speed of Sound in Air Over the Temperature Range 300-650 K," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 1946-1948 (2000).
  21. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring, "Simultaneous Velocimetry and Thermometry of Air Using Nonresonant Heterodyned Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics," Appl. Opt. 40, 965-968 (2000).
  22. B. Shirinzadeh, G. C. Herring, and R. J. Exton, "Examination of "Anomalous" Shock Velocities in Weakly Ionized Gases," AIAA Journal 39, 1210-1212 (2001).
  23. R. J. Exton, R. J. Balla, B. Shirinzadeh, G. J. Brauckmann, G. C. Herring, W. C. Kelliher, J. Fugitt, C. J. Lazard, and K. V. Khodataev, “On-Board Projection of a Microwave Plasma Upstream of a Mach 6 Bow Shock,” Phys. of Plasmas 8, 5013-5017 (2001).
  24. R. C. Hart, G. C. Herring, and R. J. Balla, “Common-Path Heterodyne Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics for Seedless Laser Velocimetry,” Opt. Lett. 27, 710-712 (2002).
  25. Y. Li, W. L. Roberts, M. S. Brown, and G. C Herring, “Transient Grating Spectroscopy with Delayed Thermalization,” Opt. Commun. 226, 255-258 (2003).
  26. D. W. Alderfer, G. C. Herring, P. M.Danehy, T. Mizukaki, and K. Takayama, “Sub-Microsecond Temperature Measurement in Liquid Water Using Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics,” Appl. Opt. 44, 2818-2826 (2005).
  27. R. J. Exton, S. Popović, G. C. Herring, and M. Cooper, "Levitation Using Microwave-Induced Plasmas," Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124103-1-124103-2 (2005).
  28. S. Popović, R. J. Exton, and G. C. Herring, "Transition from Diffuse to Filamentary Regime in a Microwave-Sustained Surface Discharge," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061502-1-061502-3 (2005).
  29. A. J. Zuckerwar and G. C. Herrring, “Calibration of the Pressure Sensitivity of Microphones by a Free-Field Method at Frequencies Up to 80 kHz,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 320-329 (2006).
  30. D. Bivolaru and G. C. Herring, “Focal Plane Imaging of Crossed Beams in Nonlinear Experiments,” Rev. Sci. Instru. 78, 056102 (2007).
  31. R. C. Hart, G. C. Herring, & R. J. Balla, “Pressure Measurement in Supersonic Air Flow by Differential Absorptive Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics,” Opt. Lett. 32, 1689-1691 (2007).
  32. G. C. Herring and S. Popović, “Microwave Air Breakdown Enhanced with Metallic Initiators,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 131501-3 (2008).
  33. G. C. Herring, “Mach Number Measurement with Laser and Pressure Probes in Humid Supersonic Flow,” AIAA Journal 46, 2107-2109 (2008).
  34. G. C. Herring, J. F. Meyers, and R. C. Hart, “Shock-Strength Determination with Seeded and Seedless Laser Methods,” Meas. Sci. Tech. 20, 045304 (2009).
  35. G. C. Herring, “Noninvasive Measurement of Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature in Unseeded Supersonic Air Vortices,” J. Aircraft 46, 1074-1076 (2009).
  36. M. Nicolić, S. Popović, L. Vušović, G. C. Herring, and R. J. Exton, “Electron Density Measurements in a Pulse-Repetitive Microwave Discharge in Air,” (accepted for Appl. Phys. Lett., Sept. 2011).
  37. G. Magnotti, A. D. Cutler, G. C. Herring, S. A. Tedder, and P. M. Danehy, “Saturation and Stark Broadening Effects in Dual-Pump CARS of N2, O2, and H2,” (accepted for J. Raman Spectrosc., Sept. 2011).
  38. G. C. Herring and J. F. Meyers, “Noninvasive Conical Shock Strength Measurement with Offbody Doppler Global Velocimetry,” manuscript completed for J. of Aircraft (Oct. 2011).
  39. G. C. Herring and R. C. Hart, “Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Grating Reflectivity for Electrostriction Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics,” manuscript completed for Appl. Opt. (Oct. 2011).

NASA Reports:

  1. B. Shirinzadeh and G. C. Herring, "Demonstration of Imaging Flow Diagnostics Using Rayleigh Scattering in Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel," NASA Report TM-1999-208970 (February 1999).
  2. R. J. Balla and G. C. Herring, "Raman Shifting a Tunable ArF Laser to Wavelengths of 190-240 nm with a Forced Convection Raman Cell," NASA Report TM-2000-209710 (April 2000).
  3. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring, “Optical Measurement of the Speed of Sound in Air Over the Temperature Range 300-600 K,” NASA Report CR-2000-210114 (April 2000).
  4. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring, “Simultaneous Velocimetry and Thermometry of Air Using Nonresonant Heterodyned Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics,” NASA Report CR-2000-210118 (May 2000).
  5. G. C. Herring and M. E. Hillard, Jr., "Flow Visualization by Elastic Light Scattering in the Boundary Layer of a Supersonic Flow," NASA Report TM-2000-210121 (August 2000).
  6. R.C. Hart, R. J. Balla, G. C. Herring, and L. N. Jenkins, “Seedless Laser Velocimetry Using Heterodyne Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics,” NASA Report CR-2001-211021 (August 2001).
  7. R. C. Hart, G. C. Herring, and R. J. Balla, “Common-Path Heterodyne Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics for Seedless Laser Velocimetry,” NASA Report CR-2001-211252 (December 2001).
  8. G. C. Herring and B. Shirinzadeh, “Flow Visualization of Density in a Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Using Planar Rayleigh and Raman Scattering,” NASA Report TM-2002-211630 (June 2002).
  9. G. C. Herring, R. C. Hart, M. T. Fletcher, R. J. Balla, and B. S. Henderson, “Prospects for Non-Linear Laser Diagnostics in the Jet Noise Laboratory,” NASA Report TM-2007-214893 (August 2007).
  10. G. C. Herring, “Measurement of Offbody Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature in an Unseeded Supersonic Air Vortex by Stimulated Raman Scattering,” NASA Report TM-2008-215535 (October 2008).
  11. G. C. Herring and J. F. Meyers, “Conical Shock Strength Determination on a Low-Sonic-Boom Aircraft Model by Doppler Global Velocimetry” NASA Report TM-2011-217052 (February 2011).
  12. G. C. Herring, “Amplitude Noise Reduction of Ion Lasers with Optical Feedback,” NASA Report TM-2011-217091 (May 2011).

NASA Tech Briefs:

  1. G. C. Herring, B. W. South, and R. J. Exton, "Apparatus for Translating the Sample Volume of a Coherent Raman Velocimeter Using Crossed and Counterpropagating Laser Beams," NASA Tech Briefs 18, 41-42 (1994).
  2. K. K. Tedjojuwono and G. C. Herring, “Nanoscale Hot-wire for Boundary-Layer Flows,” NASA Tech Briefs 45, 62-63 (2003).

AIAA Papers:

  1. P. A. DeBarber, M. S. Brown, M. W. Millard, W. L. Roberts, G. C. Herring, and D. Eklund, "Degenerate four-wave mixing imaging of a A2 Sigma(+)-X2Pi OH in a Methane-Air flame," AIAA paper 95-0171, 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV (Jan 9-12, 1995).
  2. K. D. Wright, et al., “Measurement Technology for Use in Active Flow Control,”  AIAA paper 2002-2705, 22nd Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference, St. Louis, MO, (24-26 June 2002).
  3. W. M. Humphreys, Jr., C. H. Gerhold, A. J. Zuckerwar, G. C. Herring, and S. M. Bartram, “Performance Analysis of a Cost-Effective Electret Condensor Microphone Array,” AIAA paper 2003-3195, 9th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Hilton Head, SC (12-14 May 2003).
  4. R. J. Exton, R. J. Balla, G. C. Herring, S. Popovic, and L. Vuskovic, “Volumetric Near-Field Microwave Plasma Generation,” AIAA paper 2003-4181, 34th AIAA Plasma Dynamics and Laser Conference, Orlando, FL (23-26 June 2003).
  5. T. Schott, G. C. Herring, M. M. Munk, J. H. Grinstead, and D. K. Prabhu, “Ground-Test Demonstration of Fiber-Optic Measurement of Bow-Shock Spectra for Planetary-Entry Flight Testing,” AIAA paper 2010-301, 48th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Orlando, FL (January 4-7, 2010).
  6. M. Nikolić, A. Samolov, J. Upadhay, S. Popović, and L. Vušković, G. C. Herring, and R. J. Exton, “Time Resolved Electron Density Measurements in Pulse-Repetitive Microwave Discharges in Air,” AIAA paper 2012-????, 50th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Nashville, TN (January 9-12, 2012).

Non-AIAA Conference Proceedings:

  1. S. A. Lee, G. C. Herring, and C. Y. She, “High-Resolution Coherent Raman Spectroscopy for Supersonic Flow Measurements,” Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy, Interlaken, Switzerland, (June 27 – July 1, 1983).
  2. G. C. Herring, M. J. Dyer, and W. K. Bischel, "Crossing Angle Dependence of the Vibrational Linewidths for Stimulated Raman Scattering in H2," Advances in Laser Science II No. 160, Proceedings of the 2nd ILS Conference, Seattle, WA (October 1986).
  3. W. M. Huo, G. C. Herring, and W. K. Bischel, "Vibrational Raman Cross Sections of the Overtone Transitions in H2 and N2," Proceedings of the 10th ICORS Eugene, OR (31 August 1986).
  4. M. W. Millard, M. S. Brown, P. A. DeBarber, W. L. Roberts, and G. C. Herring, "Simultaneous Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing and Imaging and Laser Induced Fluorescence of A2SIgma+ - X2P in a Methane-Air Flame," 25th International Symposium on Combustion, Irvine, CA (31 July 1994).
  5. L. N. Jenkins, R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, G. C. Herring, M. R. Khorrami, and M. M. Choudhari, “The Application of Laser-Induced Acoustics to a High-Lift Configuration,” SPIE paper # 5191-24, 48th International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, San Diego, CA (August 3-8, 2003).

Others — Unpublished:

  1. G. C. Herring, “Calculated Daily Solar Energy Collection for a Fixed Concentrating Collector,” MS Thesis, San Diego State University (1978).
  2. G. C. Herring, "Coherent Raman Spectroscopy for Supersonic Flow Measurement," PhD Dissertation, Colorado State University (1987).
  3. G. C. Herring, M. J. Dyer, and W. K. Bischel, “Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy of the Symmetric Stretch Vibration of CH3,” (1987).
  4. G. C. Herring, L. E, Jusinski, M. J. Dyer, and W. K. Bischel, “Mechanisms for F+ Production in Multiphoton Ionization of F2,” (1987).
  5. G. M. Tennille, A. L. Overman, M. E. Hillard, Jr., and G. C. Herring, "An Evaluation of Parallel Computing on the Myrias SPS-2," (1991).
  6. R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, G. C. Herring, and L. N. Jenkins, “Seedless Laser Velocimetry Using Heterodyne Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics,” 19th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospae Simulation Facilities, Cleveland, OH (27-30 August 2001).

Patent Disclosures:

  1. NASA Case # LAR 14833 “Apparatus for translating the Sample Volume of a Coherent Raman Doppler Velocimeter Using Crossed and Counterpropagating Laser Beams,” G. C. Herring and B. W. South (Oct. 1991).
  2. NASA Case # LAR 16049-1 “Raman Shifting a Tunable ArF Laser to Wavelengths of 190-250 nm with Forced Convection Raman Cell,” R. J. Balla and G. C. Herring (Oct. 1999).
  3. NASA Case # LAR 16223-1 “A Nanoscale Hot Wire for High Spatial Resolution Measurement of Fluid Parameters in the Boundary Layer and Near Wall Regime,” K. K. Tedjojuwono and G. C. Herring (Oct. 2000).
  4. NASA Case # LAR 16461-1 “Common Path Heterodyne Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics for Seedless Laser Velocimetry,” R. C. Hart, R. J. Balla, and G. C. Herring (2002).
  5. NASA Case # LAR 16753-1 “Optical Method for Measurement of Shear Stress Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,” G. C. Herring, (August 2003).
  6. NASA Case # LAR 17137-1 “Optical Method for Free-Electron Density Measurement,” G. C. Herring (2006).

 

 

 

 
   
 
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